功能界定：新聞專業主義建構的新趨勢【3】

推薦的功能型定義

綜合涵蓋以上五個關鍵點，作者給出如下定義：

新聞業是“為獨立追求新近事件的准確信息，並將其原創地呈現給公眾以予啟迪而進行的所有活動”。

雖然作者認為這個定義只是在前人成果基礎上的一次推進嘗試，新的定義還是要經過理論與實踐的不斷檢驗，但描述共識上的進展確實可以幫助細化現有法律制度、協助司法判定的順利進行。更重要的是，這項進展有助於新聞人對於他們的工作活動給出簡明易懂的闡述，並贏得相應的社會信賴和委任，后者無論是對新聞工作的實際操作還是理念支撐都至關重要。

（作者系：上海政法學院新聞系副教授、博士。）

（本文為教育部人文社會科學研究青年項目（編號：12YJC860035）和上海市哲學社會科學基金青年項目（編號：2012EXW002）的階段性成果。《為何大眾化的民主更需要功能型的新聞業定義》(Why democracies need a Functional Definition of Journalism now more than ever)一文原載於Journalism Studies，2014年第15卷第5期。）

注釋：

①LarsonMagali Sarfatti. The Rise of Professionalism: A Sociological Analysis, Berkeley·Los Angeles London: University of California Press. 1977p.X.

②Lewis, S. C.“The Tension Between Professional Control And Open Participation” InformationCommunication & Societyvol.15no.62012pp.836-866.

③NeroneJohn. “The historical roots of the normative model of journalism”Journalism, 2012.0(0)p.2

④王維佳：《追問“新聞專業主義迷思”——一個歷史與權力的分析》，《新聞記者》2014年第2期

⑤白紅義：《塑造新聞權威：互聯網時代中國新聞職業再審視》，《新聞與傳播研究》2013年第1期

⑥牛津辭典將“功能型”定義為：“屬於或者具備特定的活動、目標或者任務……與事物工作或者操作的方式有關。”其同義詞應該是“操作性的”，但后者也同樣容易被誤解。

⑦為了行文方便，Zelizer的分類順序有過微調。其中，“文本”新聞較好的定義是：“無論作者是誰，無論採用的是文字、音頻、視頻還是其他等方式，隻要是對現實或社會生活尚未知曉的新現象、新特征所做的真實陳述或記錄。”(McNair 19984cited by Zelizer 200422)。

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