从“仪式观”看真人秀电视节目与名人文化【8】

五、结 语

真人秀电视节目已经成为世界范围内的流行节目形式。它成为了一个开放平台，为普通人提供了大量展现自我的机会。如果足够受欢迎并且足够幸运，他们都能获得一定程度的知名度并且逐步提升他们的社会地位。

真人秀电视节目能够被视为一个聚集人群并产生社会连带关系的“仪式空间”。真人秀电视节目中的排名系统是能够用来区分“神圣”及“世俗”的工具，“神圣”的物体总是比“世俗”的物体拥有更高的排名。真人秀电视节目是一个允许人们从“普通人”转变为“名人”的平台，其中包括“分离”、“边界/阈限”与“重新整合”三个阶段。真人秀电视节目是一个能将人们状态转变过程合理化且自然化的媒体机构。媒体被认为拥有重现社会现实并将人们带至“社会中心”的“象征性/符号权力”。真人秀电视节目中名人的建构过程证实了媒体划分社会分类的能力。之所以如此多的观众被电视真人秀节目吸引的原因也正是存在于他们能够亲眼见证“普通人”在媒体机构中逐步转变成“名人”的过程。（作者系上海大学影视艺术技术学院新闻传播学硕士研究生，主要从事传播学研究。）

参考文献：

[1] Durkheim, E.(1995)The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. tr. K. Fields, Glencoe: Free Press,215.

[2] Holmes, S.(2004)‘“All You’ve Got to Worry About is the Task, Having a Cup of Tea, And Doing a Bit of Sunbathing”: Approaching Celebrity in Big Brother’ in Holmes, S. & D. Jermyn (eds) Understanding Reality Television. London: Routledge.

[3] Carey,J.W.(2009)Communication as Culture. New York: Routledge.

[4] Kilborn, R. (1994)‘ “How Real Can You Get”: Recent Development in “ Reality” Television’, in European Journal of Communication .

[5] Andrejevic, M. (2004) Reality TV: The Work of Being Watched. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield,.

[6] Holmes, S.(2004) ‘ “All You’ve Got to Worry About is the Task, Having a Cup of Tea, And Doing a Bit of Sunbathing”: Approaching Celebrity in Big Brother’ in Holmes, S. & D. Jermyn (eds) Understanding Reality Television. London: Routledge.

[7] Murray, S. & L. Ouellette (2009) Reality TV: Remaking Television Culture. New York and London: New York University Press.

[8] Turner, G. (2004) Understanding Celebrity. London.

[9] Evans, J. & D. Hesmondhalgh (2005) Understanding Media: Inside Celebrity. New York: Open University

[10] Rojek, C. (2001) Celebrity. London: Reaktion.

[11] Bell, C. (1992) Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice. New York: Oxford University Press.

[12] Couldry,N.(2003)Media Rituals: A Critical Approach. London: Routledge.

[13] Bourdieu, P. (1990) ‘Rite of Institution’ in Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge: Polity.

[14] Biressi, A. & H. Nunn.(2010)‘Celebrity, Social Mobility and The Future of Reality TV’ in Thornham, S, Bassett, C. & P. Marris(eds.) Media Studies:A Reader. 3rd ed. Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press.

[15] Collins, S. (2008) ‘ Making the Most out of 15 Minutes: Reality TV’s Dispensable Celebrity’, Television and New Media 9(2).

[16] Couldry, N. (2000) The Place of Media Power. London: Routledge.

[17] Nichols, B (2010) ‘Reality TV and Social Perversion’ in Thornham, S, Bassett, C. & P. Marris (eds.) Media Studies: A Reader. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

[18] Turner, G. (2006) ‘The Mass Production of Celebrity: “Celetoids”, Reality TV and the “Demotic Turn” ’ International Journal of Cultural Studies 9.

[19] Turner, V. (1974) Dramas, Fields and Metaphors. Cornell: Cornell University Press, chapter 6.